Fiber optics · explained

Fusion Splicing

Two fibers become one. A fusion splicer aligns two glass cores to a fraction of a micron and welds them with an electric arc — a joint so good the light barely notices it’s there.

01 — Prepare

Strip, clean, cleave

Preparation makes the splice. Strip the plastic coating back to bare glass, clean it with alcohol so no dust remains, then cleave a perfectly flat 90° endface with a precision cleaver. A bad cleave or a speck of dirt is the most common cause of a high-loss splice.

coating stripped flat 90° cleave
Bare glass, spotless, cleaved dead flat — every time.
02 — Align & fuse

Line up the cores, strike the arc

The splicer brings the two ends together and aligns their cores — the best machines watch the cores directly and nudge them into line. Then two electrodes strike an electric arc that melts the glass tips and fuses them into one continuous strand, often with a loss estimate on screen.

cores aligned, then the arc fuses them
Cores aligned to a fraction of a micron, then arc-welded as one.
03 — Protect

Sleeve and tray

A fresh splice is bare glass and fragile. Slide a heat-shrink protection sleeve over it and heat it so it grips and supports the joint, then coil the fiber neatly into a splice tray. Done well, a fusion splice adds only a few hundredths of a decibel and lasts the life of the cable.

heat-shrink sleeve protects the bare splice
A heat-shrink sleeve and a tidy tray keep the splice safe for good.

Practise on real physics

The Fiber Optic Lab turns these concepts into hands-on instruments you can practise safely — no fragile fiber, no costly gear. Log in to the suite to try them.